Everything about Treaty Of Tilsit totally explained
» The treaty of 1807 shouldn't be confused with the Act of Tilsit, 1918
The
Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by
Napoleon I of
France in the aftermath of his
victory at Friedland in the town of
Tilsit in July,
1807. The first was signed on
July 7, between
Tsar Alexander I of
Russia and
Napoleon I of
France, when they met on a raft in the middle of the
Nemunas River. The second was signed with
Prussia on
July 9.
The treaties ended war between
Imperial Russia and the
French Empire and began an alliance between the two empires which rendered the rest of Europe almost powerless. The two countries secretly agreed to aid each other in disputes — France pledged to aid Russia against
Ottoman Turkey, while Russia agreed to join the
Continental System against the
British Empire. Napoleon also convinced Alexander to enter into the
Anglo-Russian War and to instigate the
Finnish War against
Sweden in order to force Sweden to join the Continental System.
More specifically, the tsar agreed to evacuate
Wallachia and
Moldavia, which had been occupied by Russian forces as part of the
Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812. The
Ionian Islands and
Cattaro, which had been captured by Russian admirals
Ushakov and
Senyavin, were to be handed over to the French. In recompense, Napoleon guaranteed the sovereignty of the
Duchy of Oldenburg and several other small states ruled by the tsar's German relatives.
The treaty with
Prussia stripped the country of about half its territory:
Kottbus passed to
Saxony, the left bank of the
Elbe was awarded to the newly-created
Kingdom of Westphalia,
Belostok was given Russia (which led to the creation of the
Belostok Oblast), and the rest of Polish lands in the Prussian possession was set up as the quasi-independent
Duchy of Warsaw. Prussia was to reduce the army to 40,000 and to pay the indemnity of 100,000,000 francs.
Talleyrand had advised Napoleon to pursue milder terms; the treaties marked an important stage in his estrangement from the emperor.
Many observers in Prussia and Russia viewed the treaty as unequal and as a national humiliation. The Russian soldiers refused to follow Napoleon's commands, as the
Lisbon Incident demonstrated to all Europe. Napoleon's matrimonial plans to marry the tsar's sister were stymied by Russian royalty. Cooperation between Russia and France eventually broke down in
1810 when the tsar began to allow neutral ships to land in Russian ports. In
1812, Napoleon crossed the Nemunas and
invaded Russia, ending any vestige of alliance.
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